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Title: Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (A Free Press Paperbacks Book)
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| Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (A Free Press Paperbacks Book) by Free Press Whatever your opinion, a classic. | Murray and Hernstein's book is by now an infamous classic. This is too bad as the content is really mild, sobering, and well worth contemplating.
Far from being a racist screed, the text is more of a kick in the teeth. It asks us to look at reality and to stop day dreaming.
The thesis is rather simple: cognitive capacity is becomming more and more important in the modern United States (one could extend this globally, as have Lynn et al.). Therefore, our 'class' and 'caste' systems of old are breaking down into cognitive categories.
Those who are bright have a huge advantage over those who are not. This is true regardless of race or sex. The whole of Murray and Hernstein's book is one long argument for this simple premis. They show that g (general mental ability) matters in life. That it is not an artifact of factor analysis. They show that it is a highly heritable trait (h estimates hover around .4-.8) Furthermore, they show that it is related to work performance, social values, family values, and almost anything anyone could possibly think of measuring. After mounting an avalanche of data from the NLSY, the authors explain what such findings mean for a democratic society. If C.W. Mills book, The Power Elite, is held as the defining book on stratification during the Eisenhower years, then Murray and Hernstein's book must stand as the definitive tome on stratification for the information age. Interestingly, the thesis is more true today than it was when formulated over a decade ago.
The reaction to this book is so out of proportion with what it actually states that no short review can do it justice. However, I recommend that anyone with an open mind read this book and compare it to his/her own experiences.
I especially suggest this task to blank-slate sociologists. They riddicule it, cast aspersions upon Murray, leave work, drive past the poor enclaves and straight to their suburban houses in nice neighborhoods, with nice schools, where they send their prescious children. Damn that Murray! He is so wrong. | | Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (A Free Press Paperbacks Book) by Free Press "The Bell Curve": A Recipe for Transforming the City on the Hill into the Hills without the City | There is a good deal of critical literature on "The Bell Curve" treating both its science and its ideology. Here are a few words about the latter.
The stripe is elitist. The banner "against equality" is one you will touch and smell throughout the book. Of course, one wouldn't expect there a plainness of the Nietzschean romanticism in praising the inequality. But something like it, without the moral gigantism of Zarathustra's overman to be sure, lurcks from the background of the book.
In any case, this scholarly dubious, but statistic-generous discourse illustrates both the propaganda expertise of the authors and the fact that the ideology is its quintessential intent.
The news of the book would be its emphasis on the "intellectual partitioning" of American society and on its consequences. Roughly, the story of the "partitioning" is this. Known historical hierarchies of ancient, middle, or modern times, until lately, were anything but IQ sensitive in this sense: smart people were more or less dispersed throughout the social hierarchies (pp. 25-27). The possibility of a wise shoemaker and of a dumb king could have not so little mathematical chance to be a reality.
American educational institutions during the twentieth century have been increasingly changing the picture. Their intense smart-extractive power - the ability of the egalitarian system to collect IQ-efficient from all levels of society -- will result in a social structure where the "cognitive elite" will concentrate exclusively at the top of the social ladder. The education will divide (p.31). For understandable reasons, the cognitive elite will ally with the wealthy already seated there.
This "IQ migration" will mean IQ depletion at the lower strata of the society. The poor, the single mom, the criminal and the homeless - all of them classifiable by mathematical necessity under the category "IQ deficient" - will stay at, or sink below the present bottom. It is most likely that the smart and the dumb will never cross each other's path again, at least in a way that is important for the latter (p. 25). The IQ-partitioning is as natural as anything and can't be stopped (though, it is socially and historically conditioned as you can see).
There are some dangers to the process of the de-equalization. One of them is current policy tendency of placing some artificial restraints to the process itself: by helping not-so-smart to creep into the ranks of the smart at the educational institutions, for example. The Affirmative Action is in point (for anti-affirmative action discourse see chapters 19, 21). Another is the fact that the smart and the dumb will become alienated (--the word the authors are not accustomed to use--) from each other.
A naive reader could ask at this point: if the social-educational institutions are so successful in collaborating with the "nature" - scaling people up and down on the social ladder -- why not allow the same institutions to correct the "nature" a bit -- not much, of course (no Socialism!) -- by letting them practice affirmative action in a more fair way, or by spending some more on the education of the dumb? The answer, one will be informed, is twofold in essence:
a) The governmental intervention may not move the poor (IQ-deficient) somewhere up by educating him/her without the costs to the flights of the smart;
And
b) Even the strongest policies could not help the dumb to change his/her allotted IQ (p. 573).
One definitely needs to remember the wisdom of (a) and (b) while reading propositions like this: "To the extent that the problems of this small segment [i.e. the poor, or IQ-deficient] are susceptible to social-engineering solutions at all, they should be highly targeted" (pp. 549-50). One would be wise as well to spend some time and listen carefully to the word "solutions".
For short, there is a good marriage between the old conservative arguments for "letting government care less about the poor" and the Darvinized IQ-anthropology.
However, the apparent harshness of the picture is not left without a good consoling chapter ("A Place for Everyone"), which would reveal to the reader that the central concern of the book is "how people might live together harmoniously despite fundamental individual differences" (p. 528).
Perhaps, the chapter could be safely summarized like this. In the future, if the policy-advisory the authors recommend is treasured and implemented properly, there will be lot of deserved places for everyone. Deep avenues of American inner cities will deepen further as well as extend to the community sensitive lower suburbs of the areas. They will shelter the dumb and the homeless emancipated from the chains of the governmental welfare. And the heights of the ocean-views will gaze still higher to comfort the smart. And there will be enough spaces in-between to sort out the remaining not-yet-easily classifiable Americans.
That is the end of the story. Then, there will be some more statistics in the book.
| | Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (A Free Press Paperbacks Book) by Free Press Psuedoscience at its worst | | Everything in this book has been proven wrong time and again. The only value this title holds is as a demonstration of how bad science can become so popular when it justifies a belief many already hold. | | Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (A Free Press Paperbacks Book) by Free Press Racist Parody of Sound Science | Here is a good example of what I think a poor book is.
It is filled with poor experimental design and great exmaples of how to lie with statistics.
For example, the authors argue that racial group X is genetically superior to racial group Y on the basis of average IQ score. Yet, is IQ testing an accurate and unbiased way to measure genetic status (e.g. How do educational and societal experiences impact IQ testing?)?
I guess it's also a good example of how to make money by taking advantage of the ignorance of others...It's a mockery of our educational system, if guys using Statistics 100 are successful in getting us to buy this book.
So, please don't buy it, borrow it from a library...there's lots to learn about bad science, profiteering and racism in the book. It's also good to be informed of both sides of an argument - just try to avoid supporting the authors...
| | Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (A Free Press Paperbacks Book) by Free Press Lost cause? | I very much doubt it. In the UK young Black girls have overtaken young White men in academics recently, if genetics were true that wouldn't be so. I suggest you look into reaserach methods in general objectively.
I am assuming that the writer already had their own thesis before they started as reasearchers usually do. Apparently paedophiles are 70% more likely to be White males in the US. Does this mean White men are more genetically disposed to raping, being sexually attracted to children?
Fortunately I'm not closed minded enough to believe statistics without looking at all factors. For example White economic classes are not measured when comparing to other races, Black children born to two middle class, university educated parents fair a lot (lot!) better that most who fall under the poverty line. Similar things are mirrored in class differences amongst Whites which proves that academic acheivement is largely to do with environmental and cutural factors also. Asians are cited as academically brilliant but it is only Asians from certain areas, religions that stand out because its an intergral part of their culture to do well education wise in a Western sense.
As I pointed out before the disparity between boys and girls in certain ethnic minorities and including Whites usually ends up with girls doing better and gaining more qualifications on average. If Black girls do much better than Black boys and now officially better than White boys... does that mean they are genetically superior in intelligence? Maybe so :p
Im figuring I'm wasting my time here as most have already started down the Nazi route but thats OK, whatever gives you a stiffy.. | | Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (A Free Press Paperbacks Book) by Free Press Product Description | | The seminal book about IQ and class that ignited one of the most explosive controversies in decades, now updated with a new Afterword by Charles Murray Breaking new ground and old taboos, Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray tell the story of a society in transformation. At the top, a cognitive elite is forming in which the passkey to the best schools and the best jobs is no longer social background but high intelligence. At the bottom, the common denominator of the underclass is increasingly low intelligence rather than racial or social disadvantage. The Bell Curve describes the state of scientific knowledge about questions that have been on people's minds for years but have been considered too sensitive to talk about openly -- among them, IQ's relationship to crime, unemployment, welfare, child neglect, poverty, and illegitimacy; ethnic differences in intelligence; trends in fertility among women of different levels of intelligence; and what policy can do -- and cannot do -- to compensate for differences in intelligence. Brilliantly argued and meticulously documented, The Bell Curve is the essential first step in coming to grips with the nation's social problems. |
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